{"id":19698,"date":"2021-04-15T22:19:44","date_gmt":"2021-04-15T22:19:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.engeniustech.com\/?p=19698"},"modified":"2026-02-23T14:35:13","modified_gmt":"2026-02-23T22:35:13","slug":"enterprise-ap-piggyback-information-through-dhcp","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.engeniustech.com\/span\/enterprise-ap-piggyback-information-through-dhcp\/","title":{"rendered":"Enterprise AP: informaci\u00f3n complementaria a trav\u00e9s de DHCP"},"content":{"rendered":"<div style=\"padding:0 0 0 15pt;\">\n<span style=\"color: #777777; font-size: 1.3em; font-family: manrope; letter-spacing: -1px; font-weight: 700; line-height: 1.5em\">Ryan Hsu<\/span><span style=\"color: #777777; font-size: 1.7em; font-weight: 100; line-height: 1.5em\">&nbsp;&nbsp;|&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/span><span style=\"color: #8C43FD; font-size: 1.3em; font-family: manrope; letter-spacing: -1px; font-weight: 700; line-height: 1.5em\">Tecnolog\u00edas EnGenius<\/span>\n<\/div>\n<p><\/br><\/p>\n<hr>\n<\/hr>\n<p><\/br><br \/>\n<br \/><\/br><\/p>\n<div style=\"padding:0 0 0 15pt; margin:-25pt 0 0 0;\">\n<span style=\"color: #00aeef; font-size: 1.0em; font-weight: 700; line-height: 1.5em\">I. Introducci\u00f3n<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #444444; font-size: 1.0em; font-weight: 400; line-height: 1.5em\">Usamos el marco del Protocolo de configuraci\u00f3n din\u00e1mica de host (DHCP) para pasar informaci\u00f3n de configuraci\u00f3n al host en el equipo de red de capa 3. A medida que la potencia del procesador se vuelve m\u00e1s fuerte, tambi\u00e9n querr\u00edamos transportar informaci\u00f3n relacionada en el punto de acceso. El marco para transportar informaci\u00f3n en IPv4 e IPv6 es bastante diferente. Este documento proporciona la direcci\u00f3n de dise\u00f1o para ambos.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><\/br><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #00aeef; font-size: 1.0em; font-weight: 700; line-height: 1.5em\">II - Consideraci\u00f3n del dise\u00f1o de Dhcpv4<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #444444; font-size: 1.0em; font-weight: 400; line-height: 1.5em\">En IPv4, la informaci\u00f3n de configuraci\u00f3n se transporta en elementos de datos etiquetados que se almacenan en el campo &#039;opciones&#039; del mensaje DHCP. En el equipo de red de capa 3, el agente de retransmisi\u00f3n DHCP puede agregar las opciones. Sin embargo, en un dispositivo de punto de acceso, las opciones solo se pueden agregar &quot;manipulando&quot; el paquete cuando el paquete DHCP pasa.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #444444; font-size: 1.0em; font-weight: 400; line-height: 1.5em\">En un dispositivo de punto de acceso, la interfaz WiFi y la interfaz Ethernet est\u00e1n unidas. Para interceptar el paquete, podemos agregar una regla iptables al inicio de la cadena (raw, PREROUTING) para hacer que el paquete DHCP (UDP, puerto de destino 67) vaya a nfqueue. En la funci\u00f3n de devoluci\u00f3n de llamada nfqueue, el paquete se puede volver a empaquetar con las opciones que necesitamos y luego reenviar.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #444444; font-size: 1.0em; font-weight: 400; line-height: 1.5em\">Dado que los paquetes modificados son paquetes de difusi\u00f3n, es necesario filtrar los mismos paquetes que se propagan desde la interfaz del puente. Para filtrar el mismo paquete, podemos crear una regla de ca\u00edda en ebtables (filtro, FORWARD, UDP, puerto de destino 67).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><\/br><br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.engeniustech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/techpaper-8-1.jpg\" width=\"100%\" class=\"center\"><br \/>\n<br \/><\/br><br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.engeniustech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/techpaper-8-2.jpg\" width=\"100%\" class=\"center\"><br \/>\n<br \/><\/br><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #00aeef; font-size: 1.0em; font-weight: 700; line-height: 1.5em\">III - Consideraci\u00f3n del dise\u00f1o de Dhcpv6<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #444444; font-size: 1.0em; font-weight: 400; line-height: 1.5em\">En el Protocolo de Internet versi\u00f3n 6 (IPv6), las cosas se vuelven m\u00e1s complejas. Cuando el paquete pasa al agente de retransmisi\u00f3n, el agente no manipula el paquete, sino que env\u00eda al servidor un paquete de retransmisi\u00f3n con el paquete original en su interior. Las opciones se agregan en el paquete de retransmisi\u00f3n-reenv\u00edo, pero no en el paquete original.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #444444; font-size: 1.0em; font-weight: 400; line-height: 1.5em\">RFC 6221, Lightweight DHCPv6 Relay Agent (LDRA), se envi\u00f3 para este escenario. En este escenario, el cliente WiFi conecta el punto de acceso con el LDRA, el punto de acceso (LDRA) reenv\u00eda el paquete al agente de retransmisi\u00f3n DHCPv6 (DRA) y el DRA reenv\u00eda el paquete al servidor DHCPv6.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #444444; font-size: 1.0em; font-weight: 400; line-height: 1.5em\">Para llevar la informaci\u00f3n de configuraci\u00f3n al paquete de retransmisi\u00f3n, es necesario implementar un LDRA en el punto de acceso. Hay varias implementaciones de DRA (dibber-relay o isc-dhcp-relay) que nos permiten modificar ligeramente el DRA a LDRA.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><\/br><br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.engeniustech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/techpaper-8-3.jpg\" width=\"100%\" class=\"center\"><br \/>\n<br \/><\/br><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #444444; font-size: 1.0em; font-weight: 400; line-height: 1.5em\">Observe los paquetes de transmisi\u00f3n \/ recepci\u00f3n de LDRA y DRA en el Diagrama 3.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #444444; font-size: 1.0em; font-weight: 400; line-height: 1.5em\">Comparando LDRA con DRA, podemos encontrar:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #444444; font-size: .8em; font-weight: 400; line-height: 1.5em; margin-left: 27px;\">1. Los paquetes de recepci\u00f3n del cliente WiFi (solicitar, anunciar, solicitar, responder, liberar) son exactamente los mismos. (Diagrama 2. A.1 ~ A.4, D.1 ~ D.2 y Diagrama 3. A.1 ~ A.4, D.1 ~ D.2)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #444444; font-size: .8em; font-weight: 400; line-height: 1.5em; margin-left: 27px;\">2. Los paquetes entre LDRA y DRA, y los paquetes entre DRA y el servidor DHCPv6 tienen el mismo formato con diferentes destinos. (En el diagrama 2, B.1 frente a C.1, B.3 frente a C.3, E.1 frente a F.1.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #444444; font-size: 1.0em; font-weight: 400; line-height: 1.5em\">Con la fuente DRA, podemos modificar estos casos, cambiar el destino a la direcci\u00f3n de multidifusi\u00f3n (FF02 :: 1: 2).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><\/br><br \/>\n<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.engeniustech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/techpaper-8-4.jpg\" width=\"100%\" class=\"center\"><br \/>\n<br \/><\/br><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #00aeef; font-size: 1.0em; font-weight: 700; line-height: 1.5em\">IV - Informaci\u00f3n de retransmisi\u00f3n DHCP <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #444444; font-size: 1.0em; font-weight: 400; line-height: 1.5em\">RFC 3046 define la informaci\u00f3n de retransmisi\u00f3n DHCP con opciones que se pueden incluir en el mensaje DHCPv4. RFC4649 define opciones que pueden asignar opciones de DHCPv4. Para un punto de acceso empresarial, nos preocupamos por la informaci\u00f3n del proveedor y la informaci\u00f3n de la interfaz. En DHCPv4, la opci\u00f3n es 82 (id de circuito, id remoto) y en DHCPv6, las opciones son 37 (id remoto), 18 (id de interfaz) y 16 (id de proveedor). Esta informaci\u00f3n puede agregarse en la devoluci\u00f3n de llamada nfqueue cuando la necesitemos en IPv4 y agregarse en LDRA cuando la necesitemos en IPv6.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><\/br><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #444444; font-size: 1.0em; font-weight: 700; line-height: 1.5em\">Referencias <\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #999999; font-size: .8em; font-weight: 400; line-height: 1.5em\">1.RFC 6221 Agente de retransmisi\u00f3n DHCPv6 ligero <\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #999999; font-size: .8em; font-weight: 400; line-height: 1.5em\">2.Opci\u00f3n de informaci\u00f3n del agente de retransmisi\u00f3n DHCP RFC 3046<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #999999; font-size: .8em; font-weight: 400; line-height: 1.5em\">3.Opciones DHCP de RFC 2132 y extensiones de proveedor BOOTP<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #999999; font-size: .8em; font-weight: 400; line-height: 1.5em\">4.RFC 4649 Protocolo de configuraci\u00f3n din\u00e1mica de host para IPv6 (DHCPv6) Opci\u00f3n de identificaci\u00f3n remota del agente de retransmisi\u00f3n<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #999999; font-size: .8em; font-weight: 400; line-height: 1.5em\">5.Protocolo de configuraci\u00f3n din\u00e1mica de host IPv6 RFC 3315 para IPv6 (DHCPv6)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><\/br><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #8C43FD; font-size: 1.0em; font-weight: 700; line-height: 1.5em\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.engeniustech.com\/technical-papers\/enterprise-AP.pdf\">Descargar PDF&gt;<\/a><\/span><br \/>\n<br \/><\/br><\/p>\n<hr>\n<\/hr>\n<p><\/br><br \/>\n<span style=\"color: #00aeef; font-size: 1.3em; font-family: manrope; letter-spacing: -1px; font-weight: 700; line-height: 1.5em\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.engeniustech.com\/span\/engenius-technical-papers.html\/\">Ver todos los art\u00edculos t\u00e9cnicos&gt;<\/a><\/span><br \/>\n<br \/><\/br><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"color: #1BDFEB; font-weight: 700;\">Documento t\u00e9cnico <\/span>- A medida que la potencia del procesador se vuelve m\u00e1s fuerte, tambi\u00e9n querr\u00edamos llevar informaci\u00f3n relacionada en el punto de acceso. El marco para transportar informaci\u00f3n en IPv4 e IPv6 es bastante diferente. Este documento proporciona la direcci\u00f3n de dise\u00f1o para ambos.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"content-type":"","inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-19698","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.2 (Yoast SEO v28.2) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Technical Paper: Piggyback information through DHCP | EnGenius<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Piggyback information through DHCP: We use the framework of DHCP to pass configuration information to the host in layer 3 network equipment.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.engeniustech.com\/span\/enterprise-ap-piggyback-information-through-dhcp\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"es_MX\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Enterprise AP - Piggyback information through DHCP\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Piggyback information through DHCP: We use the framework of DHCP to pass configuration information to the host in layer 3 network equipment.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.engeniustech.com\/span\/enterprise-ap-piggyback-information-through-dhcp\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"engeniustech\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/EnGeniusTech\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2021-04-15T22:19:44+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-02-23T22:35:13+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.engeniustech.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/techpaper-8-1.jpg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Allan Quartucci\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@EnGeniusTech\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@EnGeniusTech\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Escrito por\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Allan Quartucci\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Tiempo de lectura\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"4 minutos\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"TechArticle\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.engeniustech.com\\\/enterprise-ap-piggyback-information-through-dhcp\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.engeniustech.com\\\/enterprise-ap-piggyback-information-through-dhcp\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Allan Quartucci\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.engeniustech.com\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/b56f80659a0b9133459352834db786f1\"},\"headline\":\"Enterprise AP &#8211; 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